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Congenital scoliosis are not inherited and created because of congenital anomalies of the vertebrae. These congenital anomalies are created during pregnancy and they may be due to incomplete formation, such as hemi-vertebrae’s or an incomplete separation of the vertebra, such as in unilateral vertebrae blocks.
Depending on their location, the type of the congenital anomaly and the number of them, they create large or small asymmetries in the spine.
The number of abnormal vertebrae, their localization and their ability to develop, determine how serious it is congenital scoliosis.
Patients with congenital scoliosis often have abnormalities of other organs. Heart disorders, disorders of urinary tract, spinal disorders (lipomas spinal cord injury, adhesions, diastimatomelia) etc.
Treatment
Monitoring is performing from the infant stage and very good assessment and prognosis must be performed concerning the size of the scoliosis that will arise.
In any case even if surgery is scheduled, we must apply a scoliosis brace to limit the rise of scoliotic angle.
In some cases treated early with brace and the lesions were symmetric, they will not have spinal fusion.
In cases where it is apparent that there will be large scoliosis, then partial limited fusion of the vertebrae responsible may be performed at a very young age, as well as the removal of the hemi vertebra responsible, with concurrent fusion of the adjacent vertebras, allowing the rest of the spine to fully align and the rest of the spine to form properly.
In complex spinal abnormalities (hemi vertebrae with vertebrae blocks) have extensive fusion. The purpose is to prevent serious deformities that may affect lung growth. In advanced age and neglected congenital scoliosis, osteotomy of the vertebrae is performed on one or more levels.
Monitoring should be done until the end of growth.
A 13-year-old patient Riser 0, with 27° congenital scoliosis, due to hemi vertebras and vertebral blocks formation in different levels. A SPONDYLOS Rigo Cheneau brace was applied and 4 years later (Riser 5), scoliosis remained at the same levels.